Rationale Statement The Development And Implementation...

Rationale Statement: â€Å"Relationships are the foundation of the development and implementation of the curriculum for the infants and toddlers. Responsive caregiving and use of individual caregiving routines(for example, nappy changing, meals, sleep) provide the frame for curriculum implementation. Parents should be involved to take appropriate decision about the children’s learning and development†. Introduction: Over the past few years, research in neuroscience and developmental psychology has create a great influence to shape 21st century people’s outlook towards young children’s learning and development.â€Å"Development and learning that occurs in early childhood is now widely regarded as the foundation for future learning, health and well-being†(EDU30003,2015). Professor Loris Malaguzzi from Reggio Emilia, in Italy, championed the idea of placing the image of the child at the core of pedagogy. He prefers to consider â€Å"each child’s reality, provide comfortable environment, enjoy relationship and work together with children and become totally involved† (Malaguzzi, 1993) in children’s play. As the number of children attending child care centres has continuously increasing, it is the responsibility of the early childhood educators to provide a nurturing, high quality learning environment to the infants and toddlers. The Early Years Learning Framework [EYLF] (Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations [DEEWR], 2008) values that each child is an individual and callsShow MoreRelatedConstructing Meaning Essay1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough effective pedagogy is needed in order to foster students having better critical thinking skills and writing abilities abroad. This means the entire school curriculum should incorporate writing in all subject areas and across all grade levels freshman, sophomore, juniors, and seniors. In addition teachers ‘professional development is needed on an on-going basis to demonstrate and practice teaching implementing writing, rewriting, and critical thinking skill. â€Å"If institutions are truly committedRead MoreThe Fair Street Ib World School Vision835 Words   |  4 PagesVision Statement The Fair Street IB World School vision of technology is to support our culture of thinking critically, acting compassionately, working meaningfully, choosing wisely, and living joyfully by providing access to technology that empower and educate students. Our vision is to inspire, nurture, challenge, and prepare our students to maximize technology to positively impact student achievement as we educate them to be successful in a 21st century global society. All members of the schoolRead MoreExecutive Summary : The School Library2593 Words   |  11 Pageslearning space and a resource centre that will accommodate 21st century learning in an ever evolving technological world. It is important that the library is well maintained and resourced. Issues needing to be addressed include implementation of the Australian Curriculum, learning needs of the 21st century learners and technology upgrades. Recommendation is to purchase smart devices such as iPad and tablets, and have these ready f or classroom use as well as within the library. The vision is to stayRead MoreA Justification For Implementation Of The Program1653 Words   |  7 PagesA justification for implementation of the program McGrath and Noble (2003), believe that young people in today’s society are using different coping strategies than previous generations to deal with life’s challenges. In today’s society it is believed that young people are more likely to encounter a range of difficult circumstances, negative events and down times and they are not equipped to cope with these challenges and downtimes (McGrath Noble, 2003). Young people in today’s society are moreRead MoreThe Vision Statement : Buford Academy1168 Words   |  5 PagesShared Vision – Buford Academy Vision Statement Buford Academy will intentionally invest in and develop technology leaders who will be purposeful, intentional, and responsible for remaining engaged in their own learning. By taking part in well-designed, meaningful learning experiences, these leaders will prepare themselves to compete globally. Students will also be provided opportunities that include distance learning, partnering with local businesses, internship experiences, and real life scenariosRead MoreInsight Into Liberal Arts Education in Business Schools: a Literature Review5279 Words   |  22 Pagesfields of study from accounting, economics, marketing, to management and have found a surprisingly common rationale: liberal arts has a positive impact on the education of business students in all fields. The debate lies, however, in the implementation of the liberal art education as it relates to the fields of business. There have been studies that suggest that the best form of implementation is to integrate liberal arts education directly into the course material while other scholars and researchersRead MoreWhat Is Transformational Leadership And Process Improvement Training And Certification Program5008 Words   |  21 Pages CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 19 Statement of the Problem 19 Statement of the Purpose 19 Audience 21 Stakeholders 22 Integration with Various Dimensions of Transformational Leadership 22 Scope and Limitations 24 CHAPTER 2. CONTEXT OF THE PROJECT 26 Historical Background 26 Current Situation 28 How Project Will Transform a Particular Aspect of this Context 33 CHAPTER 3. LITERATURE REVIEW 35 Impacts of Transformational Leadership 35 Leader Development 37 Flexible Framework 38 CHAPTER 4. BIBLICALRead MoreCurriculum Development: Process10055 Words   |  41 PagesMODULE 5 Models in Curriculum Development INTRODUCTION Curriculum development is concerned with the drawing up of plans for teaching and learning activities in classroom situations that will bring about positive changes in the lives of the learners. It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learnersRead MoreStudent Academic And Social Success And Encourage Lifelong Learning And Citizenship2244 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction â€Å"To maximize student academic and social success and to encourage lifelong learning and citizenship.† is the mission statement for Van Buren Elementary School. In order to maximize student achievement teacher leaders and administration must work in unison to identify goals for improvement. By analyzing data teacher leaders, administrators, and teachers can work together to derive a goal in the area of literacy instruction pertinent to our school. According to Taylor and Francis, â€Å"ByRead MoreCurriculum Development: Process10044 Words   |  41 PagesMODULE 5 Models in Curriculum Development INTRODUCTION Curriculum development is concerned with the drawing up of plans for teaching and learning activities in classroom situations that will bring about positive changes in the lives of the learners. It is based on the school’s mission and goals and identifies ways of translating these into a coherent and coordinated program of meaningful experiences and conditions eliciting responses that will lead to the transformation of the learners into

Background of the ethical issue Free Essays

The ethical issue in question involves the Walter Reed Army Medical Center scandal emanating from various allegations of appalling living conditions, and management at the medical center in Washington D. C. This is as reported by Washington Post in February 2007. We will write a custom essay sample on Background of the ethical issue or any similar topic only for you Order Now Washington Post reported cases of neglect of veterans which are under investigation ever since 2004. After the case was reported, various ethical issues emerged in that the soldiers were treated un-ethically. Initial exposure of the neglect by hospital administration was reported by a series of articles beginning 18th February 2007. These articles outlined cases of neglect at Walter Reed Medical Center, as reported by wounded soldiers and their relatives. The complaints included the disengaged clerks, unqualified platoon sergeants and over-worked managers who made it difficult for the soldiers to obtain appropriate medical care at the center (Celia V, 2007). In this way, the soldiers found themselves in a medical limbo, living in building plagued by mold, peeling paint and rodents as they wait endlessly for medical appointments and government paperwork that would help them get their lives back in order (Celia V, 2007). This in effect provoked a huge coverage from the media, prompted house hearings, and caused the firing of the top brass at the medical center and the resignation of the army secretary (Celia V, 2007). Resolving the problem using the five ‘I’ format Identifying the problem From the report, the care and the management of the wounded men and women in uniform is under responsibility of unqualified people. Moreover, the building of the medical center is reported as rodent and cockroach-infested, poor beddings, plagued by mold, with stained carpet and with no heat and water. The care and welfare of wounded soldiers require the highest standards of excellence and treatment by those who are responsible. When this is not met, it violates the ethical principles which under laid by the U. S government as it is the sole agent for the care of the soldiers. Investigating the problem The government should ensure that the care of wounded soldiers is carried out properly and also with set criteria of restoring those injured. It is unethical to find that the soldiers once injured in duty were not given the proper medical attention they required. Further, the living conditions are at bad state. The army officials should investigate and obtain the root cause of the problem, whether it is due to lack of resources to repair the buildings, or if the center is under poor management. This can be done by sending some officers from the U. S army to evaluate the situation at the ground, as well as by conducting interview with the patients and their relatives. In this way, it is possible to come up with clear solutions to the problems affecting the army medical center. Innovating the solution From the findings of the investigations, the management should come up with resolutions geared towards elevating the problems which the medical facility is experiencing. Such solutions may include allocating resources to repair the roofing, purchase of quality beddings, re-painting the walls, and also putting new carpet. Moreover, the management should look in to the issues concerning the individuals who are responsible in running the medical facility in an effort to determine their competence, and effectiveness while executing their roles. Those found not competent enough should be sacked and replaced by more vibrant staff capable of providing quality care to the injured soldiers. Management should also think of alternatives such as residential care. This is whereby the injured soldiers could be discharged to a home care. This care would involve family members and significant others to take care of the needs of the injured soldiers. Additionally, the government should provide funds and other resources to facilitate proper care while the injured soldiers are at the residential home care. Isolating the solution From the analysis of the findings, the primary problem in this case is poor management of the army medical center. Implementing the solution The president should appoint a team from the United States Department of Veterans’ Affairs to look into the issues regarding this medical center. This team should sack all the medical management staff whom they find not competent enough, and replace with new ones. The teams should also source funds and other resources for the repair of the facility, and also purchase new equipments. Further, the team should also consider alternatives such as residential care as explained above. Evaluating the decision taken By implementing the above decision, the medical facility will be restored to its effectiveness and thereby enable it to properly take care of the injured soldiers. This is because this decision was taken out of proper criteria of handling a problem, that is, five ‘I’ format. Five ‘I’ format helps a decision maker to critically evaluate a specific problem and come out with an informed solution. This is because it thoroughly examines all possible alternatives in an effort to come out with the best possible solution. It looks into all factors, moral, social-economical and ethical, while dealing with a particular problem. Reference Celia Viggo Wexler (2007). Walter Reed Scandal: How Mainstream Media Let Us Down. Washington Post. 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Rene Moreno the actor that is Essay Example For Students

Rene Moreno: the actor that is Essay In November 1991, after a near-lethal fall from a fifth-story window ruptured his aorta and damaged his spinal cord, actor Rene Moreno withdrew to his familys Dallas home. For one bleak year, he mourned the loss of the use of his legs and a busy, well-regarded acting career. By December 1993, however, thanks to therapy and a nationwide network of artists, Moreno was back on stage, viewing his work from the increasingly instructive position of a wheelchair. In a way, Im a whole new actor, said Moreno, preparing for a matinee performance of Dallas Theater Centers A Christmas Carol. For a long while, I grieved the actor that was. In my mind, I saw a man with dance training, who used his whole body for expression. That person died. This is like starting all over again. Before the fall, Moreno had built a solid professional reputaion. In 1982, just out of Southern Methodist University, the Dallas-born actor won the role of understudy for Mozart in Broadways Amadeus. Later, he received the Princess Grace Foundation Award for his breakthrough performance in Joseph Papps Shakespeare on Broadway. He spent a decade in New York pushing his range at the Ensemble Studio Theatre, Pan Asian Repertory, Drama League and INTAR Hispanic American Arts Center, with sidetrips to San Diego, Hartford and Cincinnati theatres. Ive thought back over my career, and, even in New York, I never saw someone with a disability sharing the stage with able-bodied actors. The sole exception was a hearing-impaired actor, Howie Seago. I think about him a lot now, Moreno said of the actors performance as Ajax at La Jolla Playhouse. Moreno did considerable thinking in rehabilitation. He also kept in touch with DTCs artistic director Richard Hamburger and associate Melissa Cooper. It was Cooper who lured Moreno into a staged reading for the Big D Festival of the Unexpected, and later asked him to audition for the role of the narrator in A Christmas Carol under director Evan Yionoulis. It was scary going from a reading to a full production. I was the first person audiences saw on stage in Carol. What did they see? We live in a society that judges you by the way you look. But I watched them, and, by the plays end, people looked at me in a different way, he said. And colleagues learned to respect Morenos needs. At the Arts District Theatre, DTCs staff built ramps, and widened the bathroom and the dressing room mirror. Designers laid out the set on the floor, without stairs, making cutaways wide enough for his passage. The people I work with are more aware now. They go out after the show to a bar or restaurant and say, Hey, Rene couldnt get in here. Its great. Back in school in Dallas studying psychology, Moreno plans to keep acting. Theres a lot going on in L.A. Meanwhile, Ive kept in touch with artists around the country and I work with two small Dallas companies, Greathouse and Abilities Theatre, a multi-disabled group. At times, Moreno is uncomfortable with being singled out: We all have disabilities, he reasons. Mine just happen to be in full view.

Tobacco Company Strategies Towards Health Awareness free essay sample

Threats faced by the tobacco company is the raise of awareness on the hazard of smoking and the big increament in taxes. The awareness campaign usually came from the local government which tax is paid to. On the other hand, number of smokers keep on rising each day eventhough the proggresive campaign towards the awareness of hazards of smoking. Several resistance towards the development of tobacco company. Like wise, the company has to raise the good image of their company. By doing this, the bad image as a tobacco company which lead to unhealthy life style will be reduce. They tried to emerged with a lot of positive approach towards the effort on banning smoking in public area. The world tobacco industry generated sales of almost $721 billion in 2010 according to analyst. Cigarettes represent the leading market segment with revenue exceeding $681 billion, which accounts for almost 95% of the overall market. The yearly rate of market growth is expected to accelerate to be 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Company Strategies Towards Health Awareness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 5% until 2015, bringing the market to almost $890 billion. The tobacco market involves the retail of tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, cigarillos and chewing tobacco. There are currently around 1. billion smokers in the world; this figure is expected to climb at a rate of almost 4% per year. Tobacco is grown in over 120 countries worldwide, using close to 4 million hectares of total agricultural land available globally. Around 12 million cigarettes are smoked every minute around the world. Around 35% of men in developed nations smoke, compared with 50% of men in developing nations. About 22% of women smoke in developed nations, compared with less than 10% in developing nations. Cigarettes represent the largest share of the tobacco market in sales volume and value. Though consumption levels have fallen, the absolute number of smokers has been climbing along with the global population and disposable incomes, reports Global Industry Analysts. China is the largest regional market for cigarettes. Cigars do not generate the same sales or sell in the same high volume as cigarettes. In a more recent trend, the social cachet attached to cigars has been boosting sales. As consumers become more health conscious, they are opting for cigars for their lower level of harm to health. Cigarillos, which are cigars that way less than three grams, represent the market segments recording the most rapid growth. In the past, cigars have been much less marketed than cigarettes, associated with a different demographic (that of the older male), and have not been paid much promotional attention by companies. Advertising of cigars is on the rise, along with aromatic filter varieties, which appeal more to younger and female demographics, and there are increasing numbers of tobacco-only stores in operation. The three leading companies in the global tobacco market are Philip Morris International, China National Tobacco Corporation and Japan Tobacco. Philip Morris International is the world’s largest tobacco company, which sells its products in 180 countries, and held a 16% stake in the international market outside of the US in 2010. Excluding China, the company holds almost 28% of the global market. As tobacco consumption in developed countries declines due to health awareness, tobacco companies are concentrating more on developing countries, including Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. The industry is focusing its efforts on advertising strategies such as offering low-risk products and re-launching existing products to attract female consumers. More recent product offerings include cigarettes flavored with mint, citrus, and vanilla, and low-risk products with reduced toxins and carcinogens or free of nicotine. The global tobacco industry continues to struggle with negative publicity due to health concerns, high taxes, and state regulations. Once seen as a social pass time, smoking is now perceived as anti-social and damaging to health, causing premature deaths and lunch cancer. Companies are now required to include health warnings on their product labels and are no longer allowed to undertake marketing campaigns. For example in America, the tobacco industry has funded state initiatives that provide resources to help smokers quit smoking as per the  Master Settlement Agreement  regulated by the U. S. government. For example,  Phillip Morris  USA operates a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Quit Assist†Ã‚  website that acts as a guide for those who choose to quit smoking. Companies and organizations can sponsor events, programs, festivals, performances, individuals, groups, teams, equipment and/or facilities, by providing financial support for activities, promotions and services. Sponsorship refers to the donation of money, services or in-kind support in exchange for recognition of the donation (e. g. , being listed as a â€Å"sponsor† of an event, production or competition). Many companies, including tobacco companies, engage in sponsorship for the purpose of promoting a product or a cause, supporting a needy group, establishing name recognition for a company or brand, earning publicity for a â€Å"good deed,† or building an image for a company, organization or product.

Amarcord essays

Amarcord essays History can be interpreted in many different ways. It can be viewed from different perspectives and retold in many different voices. The beauty of it all is that historic events, as beautiful or disastrous as they may be, affect people on the individual level. An artist who wishes to retell his or her past cares not how others were affected, but how the artists themselves lived and overcame these situations. A vivid example of how an artist, in this case a film director, retells his own past during the years of WWII is of Federico Fellini. The film Amarcord is a colourful retelling of Fellinis life growing up in a small costal Italian city, ruled by fascist dictators. Unbound by any particular plot, Fellini uses various characters, and locations in and around the city to visualize personal situations in a comical, and often sexual way. In the movie Amarcord, a typical Italian family is portrayed by a series of high energy, care free, and sometimes violent characters. Fellini truly captures the essence of the family in the scene when they are eating together at the dinner table. The mother of the household is constantly slapping her son, and husband on the back of their heads for saying stupid things and acting inappropriate. The father, perturbed by his sons ignorance, threatens to kick him out of the house, and chases him around the table and out the door. Through the use of slapstick comedy, Fellini is able to give the audience a peak into what his family was like, and how his mother and father reacted in their daily lives. Another scene in the movie that visualizes a time in Fellinis past is when the fascist army comes marching down the street in front of all the townspeople. The scene is a retelling of how Fellini truly felt towards the fascists, and how ignorant the townspeople were to simply allow them to march in and rule the town. In this par ...

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles

How Inverters and Converters Work in Hybrids and Electric Vehicles In a hybrid and other electric vehicles (EVs), two key elements work together to manage power and recharge the circuits. Here is how these critical components- the inverter and converter- work in tandem.   The Function of an Inverter Broadly speaking, an inverter  is an electrical device that converts electricity derived from a DC (Direct Current) source to AC (Alternating Current) of the type that can be  used to drive a device or appliance. In a solar power system, for example, the power stored by batteries charged by solar panels is converted to standard AC power by the inverter, which provides the power to plug-in outlets and other standard 120-volt devices.   An inverter serves the same kind of function in a hybrid or EV car, and the theory of operation is relatively simple. DC power, from a hybrid battery, for example, is fed to the primary winding in a transformer within the inverter housing. Through an electronic switch (generally a set of semiconductor transistors), the direction of the flow of current is continuously and regularly flip-flopped (the electrical charge travels into the primary winding, then abruptly reverses and flows back out). The in/outflow of electricity produces AC current in the transformers secondary winding circuit. Ultimately, this induced alternating current electricity provides power for an AC load- for example, an electric vehicles (EV) electric traction motor. A rectifier is a similar device to an inverter except that it does the opposite, converting AC power to DC power. The Function of a Converter More properly called a voltage converter, this electrical device actually changes the voltage (either AC or DC) of an electrical power source. There are two types of voltage converters: step up converters (which increases voltage) and step down  converters (which decreases voltage). The most common use of a converter is to a take relatively low voltage source and step-it-up to high voltage for heavy-duty work in a high power consumption load, but they can also be used in reverse to reduce voltage for a light load source. Inverter/Converter Tandem Units An inverter/converter is, as the name implies, one single unit that houses both an inverter and a converter. These are the devices that are used by both EVs and hybrids to manage their electric drive systems. Along with a built-in charge controller, the inverter/converter supplies current to the battery pack for recharging during regenerative braking, and it also provides electricity to the motor/generator for vehicle propulsion. Both hybrids and EVs use relatively low-voltage DC batteries (about 210 volts)  to keep the physical size down, but they also generally use highly efficient high voltage (about 650 volts) AC motor/generators. The inverter/converter unit choreographs how these divergent voltages and current types work together. Because of the use of transformers and semiconductors (and the accompanying resistance encountered), enormous amounts of heat are emitted by these devices. Adequate cooling and ventilation are paramount to keeping the components operational. For this reason,  inverter/converter installations in hybrid vehicles have their own dedicated cooling systems, complete  with pumps and radiators, that are entirely independent of the engines cooling system.

Rodriguez Summary and Rhetorical Precis Assignment

Rodriguez Summary and Rhetorical Precis - Assignment Example Richard Rodriguez narrates the story of his education and explains how the experience affected him. At the time of the narration, the author is thirty years old. Although he is a now grown man, he remembers once feeling uneasy in front of the classroom (Rodriguez 519). He says that although he is Spanish origin, he underwent an educational system that used English as a primary instruction language. He admits that while he was growing up, people admired his success at school. The education, he received, however, was a scholarship that inspired him towards excelling in classes. He grew so anxious about school that his parents worried about his later trajectory in life. The author realized that moving away from home was the sole determinant of his success at school. This feeling eventually made him uneasy with his parents. Possessing the feeling pushed him towards studying other people and books for answers. He eventually realized that scholarship students of Spanish descent experienced the same feeling. He drew lessons from a book that summarized the paradox of receiving education. The author realizes that the school and home exist at cultural extremes. A student, therefore, pulls away into the rational system of thinking. Besides, the student escapes the intimacy of home thereby astounding the very parents who took one to school. Richard Rodriguez, a writer of Spanish descent, writes an essay, Achievement of Desire, detailing his experiences of education. Although he is old by the time of the narration, he describes his experiences from an early age. It is crucial to highlight that the author bases his arguments on his educational experience as a person from a minority community. The author springs from a Spanish minority in America. His central argument is that education eventually alienates a person from one’s family. In order to acquire education, he

St George Bank Corporate Performance Centre - Human Resources Essay

St George Bank Corporate Performance Centre - Human Resources - Essay Example This paper illustrates that literacy was traditionally viewed as the ability of an individual to read, and communicate using symbols in a defined social context. In this context, a literate individual can ‘derive and convey meaning, and use their knowledge to achieve a desired purpose or goal that requires the use of language skills, be they spoken or written’. Such an individual can reorganize the meaning of a given language from one knowledge base to fit in another knowledge base. The concept of literacy has evolved over time with the changes that are observed in the society so that in the modern setting it has grown to include knowledge of the applications of information communication technologies and other critical literacy in the daily operations. The use of modern technology such as computer and the internet is common in the current work place to facilitate various organizational functions. The organizations are showing increasing concern on customer satisfaction i n order to attract and retain customers as one of the strategies for competition. Customer satisfaction will in turn be influenced by the quality of service provided (speed, accuracy, and convenience). The application of modern technology is appropriate in achieving this objective. The employees need to be conversant with these modern technologies to ensure that they are effectively applied at the workplace. However, this may not be achieved since some of the employees are illiterate and this hinders their ability to learn and understand the application of such modern technologies.... This led to the development of training reforms with the initiation of programs such as Towards a Skilled Australia (1994-1998), A Bridge to the Future (1998-2003), and Shaping Our Future (2004-2010) all emphasizing on the essence of adult literacy and numeracy skills (Smith, 273). This has set pace for adult learning in different organizations within Australia. This paper focuses on various aspects of adult learning and training employed at St George Bank, Australia. The use of adult learning principles to develop workforce at St George The level of literacy has been relatively high in the general population in Australia in the past few decades with low levels of literacy recorded for indigenous students (Department of Education Science and Technology, 2012). These individuals move on to become employees in organizations. However, significant developments are often recorded in the operations of organization necessitating training and development programs for the employees. Such empl oyees will be trained at older ages applying the principles and processes in adult learning. Adult learning is necessary to enhance a change in the skills of the adults, their behaviors, their knowledge level, or attitudes and thoughts towards some concept (Russell, para.2). The learning process among adults may take a different dimension from that observed among the young learners, largely because the adults have had some experiences and expanded individual understanding of a given concept. Significant differences are observed in the ‘degree of motivation, the amount of previous experience, the level of engagement in the learning process, and how the learning is applied’ (Russell, para.2). Generally, an effective adult learning process will occur if there is

Analysis on the role of women and men in vanity Essay Example for Free

Analysis on the role of women and men in vanity Essay Victorian era literary has produced many different masterpieces from many different writers who focused mainly on the emergence of interpersonal issues involving love, money and social status, usually backdropped by a historical event with national relevance at the time of the story telling. Vanity Fair is one of these types of this kind of work. And even until today, Vanity Fair is one of the materials referenced by critics during literary analysis involving the role of women in the society, the role of patriarchal influence in the Victorian era social politics and the presentation of different women stereotypes in literature. Vanity Fair is a serialized literary material written by William Makepeace Thackeray, published initially in the pages of Punch Magazine in the United Kingdom, beginning at the start of the year 1847, the final instalment appearing a year later in July. The initial title of this masterpiece was Vanity Fair: A Novel without a Hero. A popular saying describes vanity as the favorite sin of men and women, a line of thought which will be heavily discussed and supported in this particular paper through the analysis of the presence of vanity and the role of men and women inside the society on the propagation and existence of vanity. Vanity Fair is a very interesting book that attacks personal and societal illnesses that causes the corruption and corrosion from the inside of what was believed to be a socially-shared moral right. The author attacked the issues and the personal and social crises by pointing out the role of individuals as well as the role of the structure of the society that influences the lives of the individuals in the story. â€Å"Almost every sin in Vanity Fair can be traced, beyond personal weakness, to the fundamental laws of money and class The poison in Vanity Fair infects the bottom rungs of the social ladder as well as the top (Dyson, 1973, p. 86). † The role of women in William Thackeray’s â€Å"Vanity Fair† There are many different women found in the novel Vanity Fair. But there are some key female characters that provided significant roles in the story so that the novel can depict the real life situation in the Victorian era and in the process provide whatever moral lesson it can about the aspects of life that it managed to discuss and tackle. The list of key female characters that require scrutiny and analysis is topped by the three women characters that possess any or all of the traits that made them important, like personality, influence, cunning and power: Miss Crawley and the contrasting Becky Sharp and Amelia Sedley. Becky Sharp – In a novel without a hero, Becky Sharp was the heroine, even if for some she is the anti-heroine. Becky was one of the two lead women characters who are central to the story. The two girls are opposites in many different ways, and their lives continue such path, with Becky becoming the most villainous of the two and Amelia Sedley her exact opposite. Indeed, the character of Becky Sharp was the catalyst for social abrasion. Some might feel that Becky represents everything that is morally bad and undesirable in the society inside Vanity Fair. Sharp’s character also reminds the readers that people cannot ignore people like her and the characteristics that she displays, dismissing it as a characteristic that is a mere product of a fictional character. Her character represents a type of individual who is alive in the real world. In some twisted consideration, Becky can be considered as the source of â€Å"life† – if life means the presence of constant conflict and the consistent surfacing of anything unexpected – inside a society because Becky does not let social norms get in the way of what she wants. â€Å"The woman who goes after money and status but finds that they do not satisfy her a woman like Becky Sharp is allowed to be at least morally interesting (Garson, 2007, p. 99). † Whether readers admit it or not, Becky’s character is an important pull to the consciousness of the readers; she provides the intrigue and sin that readers on the outside condemn but diligently follows through in the next episodes of the novel. Becky seduces and elicits the feeling of scorn and hate so much that she makes the readers always eager to know what happened to her, largely because real life readers are as vain as her. Becky taunts the devil in the readers, making them think and reconsider the â€Å"what ifs,† the things that Becky is not afraid to do which the readers are having second thoughts of doing. Becky triggers the fantasies. For the women readers, it is the fantasy of being able to pull of seduction and gain worldly possessions, to bed many different men and feel a different kind of power, to be free from the shackles and restraints the patriarchal society placed upon women and to be largely free and unaccountable to anything. For male readers, the fantasy is to be seduced by a Becky Sharp, to be offered body and lustful obedience in exchange for money and power that not every man can have in his lifetime. Becky made the world go around inside Vanity Fair, even if the sad part is that as a whole, she is still a mere part of the patriarchal society that used her as much as she used it to her advantage. â€Å"And what else creates change in Vanity Fair if not Beckys subversive sexual behavior? It is she deprives Amelia of a loving husband well before Thackeray has him killed off on the battlefield at Waterloo (Armstrong, 1990. p. 178). † Amelia Sedley – Amelia contradicts Becky in comparison in many ways. Amelia always opts to live in the past and is tied with the memory of past while Becky is always looking ahead into the future. Amelia is always passive and easily contented, while Becky is always on the move, always hunting or scheming so that she can get what she wants. Amelia is the prototype for the docile and meek domestic housewife, during and after her married life with George, while Becky was â€Å"anything but. † Amelia gives the readers hope that there are still people who walk the straight path of morality, while Becky is jumping up and down, always falling far from where morality wants her to be. Amelia’s role in the novel is more than just as an individual who represents everything that Becky is. Amelia, to some extent, was also the symbol of the ills of the life of being meek and sulky. She is the anatomy of the unknowing victim, the unwitting casualty to the moral massacre that poverty, indebtedness, puritanism and being overly morally upright undertakes in everyday life. She was an angel all right, but Thackeray made sure that even with wings it is easily discernable that Amelia is far from being in heaven largely because of her personality. Amelia, as a character, lived a life that was far from being the ideal married life, and the story was as unkind to her as the critics of the symbolism of woman to which she stood for. â€Å"Late-Victorian women writers contributed to the fight for womens rights by creating representations of women that confronted the self-abnegating, submissive, housebound image of middle-class Ideal Womanhood. This ideal was epitomized at mid-century by William Thackerays Amelia Sedley from Vanity Fair (Mangum, 1999, p. 2). † Becky and Amelia: The analysis and profiling of the real heroine The heroine in the story can either be Becky or Amelia, depending on the reader and the readers perspective and moral standpoint. This is because the identification of the heroine type between the two female characters in the novel speaks a lot about the personal characteristics of the person making the difference between the two. The reader would be placed in a dilemma wherein the reader has to choose which personality she would approve between the polar characteristics of Becky and Amelia. â€Å"Plot in Vanity Fair is primarily the histories of two women: one, the shrewdly competent Rebecca Sharp, consistently exploits the conventions of high society to rise within it; the other, the compassionate but vulnerable Amelia Sedley, is exploited by Rebecca and others in their campaign to achieve social prominence (Lund, 1992, p. 23). † The author was consistent with what critics call as rule in the creation of fictitious married female characters. The story divides the desire for love and for materials goods between two individuals who are vaguely antagonists or protagonists in the story. The clear idea to the readers is the priorities of the women as human characters, looking at them outside the scope of gender. As a human character, Becky was the one who puts material things above all, while the character of Amelia puts love above all providing not just a state of realism but also a sense of balance to the presence of contrasting but significant roles in the novel. With this the reader, male or female, would knowingly or otherwise pick one of the two to become his/her heroine largely on the identification of the same grounds where the character and reader stands. A reader will hardly choose both because like the rule of the fiction writing, the reader will only empathize with the predicament of the character with whom he or she relates the most. â€Å"The rule in fiction is that a female character cannot want both love and luxury. Rare indeed is the novelistic heroine who genuinely loves her husband but who at the same time desires and frankly enjoys the goods that he is able to buy her (Garson, 2007, p. 99). † Thackeray makes it more difficult for the readers to pick which is the heroine between the two opposite characters because an important characteristic of the difference between the two is that the author created characters which are neither white nor black. Becky and Amelia are both neither strictly good nor straight-out bad. The differences of the two candidates for heroine-ism also made implications that altered their state of being good or bad as their state of lives moves forward in the story. There is a sense of goodness in Becky as much as there are some things in Amelia which may merit disapproval from the readers. Because the story is centered on domestic life of couples and the complexity that the society and the personalities of the people in it contribute to the lives of married individuals, the personalities of Beck and Amelia as wives are just as important pieces of consideration as much as their own personal characteristics are in the pursuit of defining who is the more suitable heroine between the two. And like their personalities as single individuals, how they were as wives is just as complicated, Thackeray became consistent with the idea of ending up with having no real defined hero (or heroine for that matter). It forces the reader to take a very good look at real life before finally judging who between Becky and Amelia deserved to be raised in the pedestal as the ideal woman and wife. â€Å"The role she plays perhaps most productively is that of the faithful and charming little wife to Rawdon Crawley. Ironically, as long as she finds it advantageous to play this role, she is a much more effective domestic angel than Amelia Osborne, whose devotion to her husband George is heartfelt but sterile, who maternal affection is positively destructive, and who is quite unable to repay Dobbin for his years of devotion. In contrast to Amelia, Becky brings out the best in her husband, transforming Rawdon from a randy roue to a contented husband and a devoted father (Garson, 2007, p. 99). †

Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

The Hero Beowulf It is very common that a favorite tale told to a small child before he goes to sleep is actually a great epic story that has lived on for many centuries. The tale of Beowulf is just that. Beowulf was written during the Anglo-Saxon era, when heroic deeds and loyalty to one’s leader were traits of a person that lived on forever, by means of poets and writers. Beowulf tells the story of a hero: one that faces many great battles with many great enemies, conquering one after the next only to finally face his death, in his battle against the dragon. Up until the end of Beowulf’s life he was constantly looking to be the hero. Beowulf, through the years, has lived on as a legendary hero, conquering all obstacles as though he were immortal. However, his mortality is exposed by his death, the same death that makes him a superhero, working and fighting evil for the people, and as a person. Beowulf, by all means, is a hero. A hero fears not, death, nor destruction of his own being, but instead risks all that he is for what he believes to be right, moral, and just. In the time of the Anglo-Saxons’ reign of England it was noble and expected for a person of high honor to be more than loyal to his king. In fact, it was considered noble to be loyal to anything that was significant to humanity. In Beowulf, Beowulf is loyal to Higlac. "Higlac is my cousin and my king†¦(142)" says Beowulf in his preparation to do battle with the threatening monster, Grendel. Loyalty to the Anglo-Saxons was heroic; however, the tale of Beowulf has lived on so many years for a greater reason than Beowulf being a loyal individual. Heroes today, as well as heroes of yesterday, such as Beowulf, all share the characteristic of their willingness to die in their attempt to accomplish their heroic act, thus making the act in itself heroic. Beowulf knows that there is a chance that he may die in his great battle against Grendel when he says, "No, I e xpect no Danes will fret about sewing our shrouds, if he wins. And if death does take me, send the hammered mail of my armor to Higlac†¦"; yet he is still willing to attempt to conquer Grendel. Beowulf says, "My hands alone will fight for me, struggle for life against the monster.

Customer Value and Superior Performance Essay

Market Orientation, Customer Value, and Superior Performance Stanley F. Slater and John C Narver Thinking in terms of the market (not marketing) is essential in the highiy competitive arenas of today, o achieve superior performance, a business must develop and sustain competitive advantage. But where competitive advantage was once based on structural characteristics such as market power, economies of scale, or a broad product line, the emphasis today has shifted to capabilities that enable a business to consistently deliver superior value to its customers. This, after all, is the meaning of competitive advantage. Our recent research shows that a market-oriented culture provides a solid foundation for these value-creating capabilities. A business is market-oriented when its culture is systematically and entirely committed to the continuous creation of superior customer value. Specifically, this entails collecting and coordinating information on customers, competitors, and other significant market influencers (such as regulators and suppliers) to use in building that value (see Figure 1). The three major components of market orientation+ustomer orientation, competitor focus, and cross-functional coordination-are long-term in vision and profit-driven. Based on extensive interviews with managers and executives, Kohli and Jaworski (1990) conclude that market orientation provides â€Å"a unifying focus for the efforts and projects of individuals, thereby leading to superior performance. † A developing stream of empirical research has found a strong relation- T ship between market orientation and several measures of business performance, including profitability. customer retention, sales growth, and new product success. Customer Orientation The heart of a market orientation is its customer focus. To create superior value for buyers continuously requires that a seller understand a buyer’s entire value chain, not only as it is today but also as it evolves over time. Buyer value can be created at any point in the chain by making the buyer either more effective in its markets or more efficient in its operations. A market-oriented business understands the cost and revenue dynamics not only of its immediate target buyers but also of all markets beyond, for demand in the immediate and â€Å"upstream† markets is derived from the demand in the original â€Å"downstream† markets. Therefore, a market-driven business develops a comprehensive understanding of its customers’ business and how customers in the immediate and downstream markets perceive value. Employees of market-oriented businesses spend considerable time with their customers. Managers and employees throughout the business call on their customers or bring them into their own facilities in a constant search for new ways to satisfy their needs. For example, Ih Pont has developed a program called â€Å"Adopt a Customer† that encourages a blue-collar worker to visit a customer once a month, learn the customer’s needs, and be the customer representative on the factory floor. Market-driven businesses continuously monitor their customer commitment by making im- proved customer satisfaction an ongoing objective. To maintain the relationships that are critical to delivering superior customer value, they pay close attention to service, both before and after sales. Because of the importance of employees in this effort, these businesses take great care to recruit and retain the best people available and provide them with regular training. Some businesses even involve their customers in hiring, training, and developing contact people as well as in making motivation and reward system decisions. Involving customers in these key areas forges strong customer loyalty. ogy development. Top managers frequently discuss competitors’ strategies to develop a shared perspective on probable sources of competitive threats. A reason for the success of many Japanese companies is that they train managers to understand that competitive intelligence is part of everyone’s job. Using this information, marketdriven businesses often target opportunities for competitive advantage based on competitors’ weaknesses. In any case, they keep competitors from developing an advantage by responding rapidly or anticipating their actions. Interfunctionai Coordination Competitor Focus The third of the three core components of a marCreating superior customer value requires more ket orientation is the coordination of personnel than just focusing on customers. The key quesand other resources from throughout the comtions are which competitors, and what technolopany to create value for buyers. Any point in the gies, and whether target customers perceive them buyer’s value chain is an opportunity for a seller as alternate satisfiers. Superior value requires that to create value for the buyer firm. This means the seller identify and understand the principal that any individual in any function in a seller firm competitors’ short-term strengths and weaknesses can potentially contribute to value creation. As and long-term capabilities and strategies. For Michael Porter (1985) explains: example, a team of Marriott employees traveled the country for six months, staying in economy Every department, facility, branch office, hotels and collecting information about their and other organizational unit has a role facilities and services. Armed with this informathat must be defined and understood. All tion about potential competitors’ strengths and employees, regardless of their distance weaknesses, Marriott invested $500 million in a from the strategy formulation process, new hotel chain. Fairfield Inn, its budget market must recognize their role in helping a entry, achieved an occupancy rate 10 points firm achieve and sustain competitive higher than the industry average in one year. advantage. A seller should adopt a chess-game perspective of its current and principal potential competiTo accomplish this, effective companies have tors. Moreover, it should continuously examine developed horizontal structures that focus on the competitive threats they pose, inferring these building value, such as time-to-market for new threats from intent and value-creation capabilities. This is crucial information to a seller in developFigure 1 ing its contingency competitive Market Orientation strategies. In one case, HewlettPackard decided to accelerate the Interfunctional announcement of a new computer Information Assessment Acquisition peripheral after discovering through its travel agency that a rival had booked conference rooms around the country for a specific date. Knowing that this rival had a similar product in development, H-I-’ rushed its announcement and beat the competition to the market. In market-driven businesses, employees from all functions share information concerning competitors. For example, it is crucial for R&D to receive information acquired by the sales group about the pace of a competitor’s technol- Customer InformationCompetitor Information d Coordinated Superior Customer Value Other Market Information Market Orientation. Customer Value, and Superior Performance 23 products. They manage projects through small multifunctional teams that can move more quickly and easily than businesses that use the tradtional function-by-function, sequential approach. For example, cross-functional teams call on customers to identify additional opportunities for value creation. Engineering becomes involved during preliminary market research to help marketers understand what is feasible. Production is involved during product design to ensure that the product can be manufactured at a reasonable cost. Engineers and production people constantly discuss their capabilities and limitations with sales and marketing so capabilities can be leveraged and limitations avoided when promoting products or sewices. When all functions contribute to creating buyer value this way, more creativity is brought to bear on increasing effectiveness and efficiency for customers. Does This Mean the Marketing Department Is in Charge? Shapiro (1988) tells the anecdote of a company CEO explaining to top managers that because of increasing competition, the business needed to become more market-oriented. With that encouragement the marketing vice president jumped in, â€Å"I’ve been saying all along we need to be more marketing-oriented. Marketing has to be more involved in everything Ixcause we represent the customer and we have an integrated view of the company. † At that point the CEO snarled. â€Å"I said more ma&et-oriented. not 177arketin~-oriented. † That story is very epresentative of our experience with marketing orientation as well. A marketing orientation implies an emphasis on the marketing function that may not be appropriate. Customer value is created by core capabilities throughout the entire organization. Whereas Procter and Gamble’s competitive advantage may be based on :I core marketing capability, 3M’s advantag e is innovation: Canon’s is technology. This does not make 3M or Canon any less market-oriented than Procter and Gaml~le. Because market-driven behavior permeates multiple functions at 3M and Canon, they may be more market-oriented and less marketing-oriented. In our view, lvhen a business achieves the objective of developing a pervasive market orientation, the marketing function may become lessnot more-important, because all functions are dedicated to creating and delivering customer value. This is consistent with Regis McKenna’s (1991) notion that â€Å"Marketing is everything and everything is marketing. † Webster (1992) foresees a time when marketing specialists will become increasingly rare while marketing as a general management function becomes more important. This is the result of a general focus on cross- unctional cooperation, which causes internal functional boundaries to lose meaning. GE’s 1990 Annual Report puts it this way: In a boundary-less company, internal functions begin to blur. Engineering doesn’t design a product, then â€Å"hand it off† to manufacturing. They form a team, along with marketing and sales, finance, and the rest. Customer service? It’s not somebody’s job. It’s everybody’s job. However, for businesses that currently have an internal orientation on production or research and development, the marketing department may have to take the lead role in encouraging marketoriented thinking throughout the firm. As the primary boundary between the business and its markets, marketing is â€Å"management’s window on the world† (Holver and Garda 1985). Because it is dependent on other functional areas for the timely and efficient development, production, and delivery of the product, marketing is likely to be the first function that fully appreciates the benefits of market orientation. To maximize its effectiveness. marketing must demonstrate the benefits of market-driven behavior to top management and to other functions. Marketing may have a key role in the development and maintenance of a culture that is truly arket-oriented The crux is that the responsibility for superior buyer value is beyond that of any one function. Creating value for buyers is analogous to a symphony orchestra in which all members contribute according to a general plan and in which the contribution of each subgroup is tailored and integrated by a conductor-with a synergistic effect. A seller must draw upon a nd integrate effectively all of its human and other resources in an ongoing effort to create superior ,alue for buyers at a profit. This coordinated integration of company resources builds directly on both customer and competitor analysis.

Babes in Bollywood

This paper is an effort to explore issues related to presentation of a woman in Hindi Cinema with the reference of movie â€Å"Mother India† directed by Mehboob Khan. This movie was nominated for Academy Awards for Best foreign Language film in the same year. This movie was remake of â€Å"Aurat† released in 1940 directed by Mehboob Khan. â€Å"Mother India† is one of the best Hindi movies. It is an excellent presentation of Indian woman in all her roles. Significance of movie increases exponentially, if one compares this movie with the socio-cultural perspective of the time of its release.It was a period of post independence in India. People on one hand were taking up developmental issues whereas rural India was facing the similar problems of moneylenders, Jamindari, caste, social status and pride. Differences of caste, social status, culture, gender, language, interests and several others were common. In such scenario, thinking of overall growth of a community needed to bring everyone together irrespective of their differences. Socio-cultural Perspectives Covered in the Movie Movie presents social environment of village where men and women have their predefined roles and responsibilities.Most of the women in the movie will be doing works like fetching water, grinding grains, working on fields along with their family members, cooking and other household works. They are expected to behave in certain manner. The famous actress Nargis Dutt portrayed what is perhaps the ultimate politically correct sacrificial heroine in the 1957 release Mother India (a remake of the 1940 Aurat [Woman]). Persevering against corrupt moneylenders, abandonment, betrayal, monsoons, isolation, and death, Dutt's character, Radha, provides the inspiration for her son and her village to survive (Booth, 1995).Radha as a Bride: As a young bride, Radha takes up all the responsibilities of households silently. She has shy and romantic relationship with her husband and res pecting behaviour towards her mother-in-law. She does not let her mother-in-law do any household work, once the marriage ceremony is over. Radha is concerned about the family reputation and well-being and does not want family to be under any loan so she wants to pay off loan with her jewellery. On the other hand, expectations of a husband (Shamu) to see his wife pretty and asking her reasons of not wearing jewelleries and telling her to wear jewelleries.Radha has expectation from her husband to get his attention. These factors are beautifully presented in the movie. This movie presents expectations of society from a young bride and expectations of a young bride for her family and husband in a beautiful manner. Radha as a Wife Indian society expect wife to be devoted for all traditional duties and support her husband in all thick and thin. Radha in this movie has done the same. Radha’s husband leaves her at young age due to his inability to take care of his family after the ac cident where he loses both his hands.Radha goes here and there searching for him and expects him to come back until the end of the movie. Radha sees his glimpse on her elder son and remembers him all the time whether it is festival or when she becomes grandmother. Radha’s devotion towards her husband is presentation of expectation of Indian society from the Hindu wives. Radha as a Mother Radha as a mother is brave mother. She adores her children, feed them and bring them up. Her children give her due respect. In the movie, it is shown that Radha shots â€Å"Birju† her younger son.This is something contradictory to the social norm and image of mother in society. Mother is expected to ignore all bad about her children and remember only one thing of her motherly love. Radha goes through hardships for the survival of her children. Wealthy â€Å"Sukhilala† the moneylender offers Radha money and food during flood and crisis in the exchange of her beauty, Radha for a m oment becomes ready to feed her dying children but as soon as she regains her conscious, she beats him up, comes back, struggles to find food, and survives.In this movie, various scenes have been presented in the way that the motherly love or the social depiction of mother is protected. As soon as Birju is shot, Radha throws the rifle and runs to hold him and Birju is surprised. This scene presents the unexpected behaviour in a manner that audience would accept and appreciate it. Radha as a Villager Radha as a member of a community holds certain responsibility for the land and her village. During flood when people start leaving village, she requests them and urges them to stay.She thinks about welfare of her village. She beats up and even kills her son when she finds him doing something against honour of village. Her younger son tries to take away moneylender’s daughter forcefully; she refers the term â€Å"Gaon ki beti (daughter of the whole village)† for her. This wa s despite of the fact that the moneylender was root of all the problems in her life. RaConclusion There are very less woman centred movies are made in Bollywood. Number of movies with the theme where woman has been able to bring change in the society is very less.In most of the movies, woman has less significant roles as compared to male characters. The subject of the movie Mother India is not just bold but also it is though provoking. The movie was released in year 1957. This was a period of post independence. Women in the society had to follow very strict social norms and guidelines. The tolerance zone for behaviour of a woman outside these social norms was narrow. The character of Radha has not just followed these norms beautifully but also posed several questions about the women in the society. Radha made a choice for good by killing her son.The starting of movie indicates the progressing India with the Water Canal inauguration by Radha, who is referred as Mother India. This mov ie has given food of thought to people. Radha was not just a character but also an agent to bring change. She was devoted wife like Goddess Sita and fierce Mother Goddess Kali twice first when she dealt with â€Å"Sukhilala† and second when she killed her son. Probably justifying Radha’s character was the most challenging aspect for the filmmaker, which he has done successfully. Radha did not leave her land even in the worst condition.Not just that she was able to convince other villagers to stay for the good of all. Radha talked about welfare of land and the village. She was determined and proved her concerns of welfare of society. The most appealing factor of the movie was the representation of characters in contradictory modes. Character of Radha became more appealing and powerful with the contradictory representations. Mehboob Khan represented rural India and a rural woman in a manner that it not just offered entertainment values to the audience but also gave a str ong social message to the society.Reference: Booth, G. D, Traditional Content and Narrative Structure in the Hindi Commercial Cinema, Journal: Asian Folklore Studies, 54:2. (1995) Pg 169 Rosie Thomas, â€Å"Sanctity and Scandal: The Mythologization of Mother India,† Quarterly Review of Film and Video 11:3 (1989): 11-30 Images retrieved on 29 Oct 2007 from †¢ www. tribuneindia. com/2005/20050526/main1. htm †¢ www. oscarguy. com/Resources/Annual/30th. html †¢ www. afc. gov. au/†¦ /archives/2006/04_oct. aspx †¢ www. afc. gov. au/images/puffs/motherindia1puff.jpg †¢ http://www. boloji. com/cinema/062a. jpg †¢ http://hcl. harvard. edu/hfa/films/2006fall/melodrama. html dha as an Individual At each stage of her life, Radha has proven herself a strong woman. She has maintained her self-respect and courage. She did things that were socially right. She was right of selling off her jewellery and paying off as much debt as possible to avoid the consequ ences of loans and interest in the future life but as a female and youngest member of the family, she could not take decisions.She had taken up all the responsibilities with courage. Her character in every form reveals the purity which society expects from a woman. GANDHY and THOMAS comment on Radha , â€Å"It is important to recognize that, throughout the film, Radha's ‘power' or ‘strength' is integrally bound up with her respect for ‘traditional values' . . . it is as a paragon of wifely devotion and chastity . . . that she is accorded respect and authority† (1991, 118 as cited by Booth 1995).

Auschwitz The Nazi Concentration Camp Essays - Free Essays

Auschwitz The Nazi Concentration Camp Essays - Free Essays Auschwitz the Nazi Concentration Camp AUSCHWITZ THE NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP Located thirty-seven miles west of Krakow, Auschwitz was the camp where Jewish people were killed and worked. This camp , out of all the rest tortured the most people. At the camp there was a place called the "Black Wall," this was where the people were executed . In March of 1941, there was another camp that started to be built. This second camp was called Auschwitz II, or Birkinau. It was located 1.9 miles away from Auschwitz I. People that were chosen to come to these camps were expelled from their homes. Their houses were destroyed for the purpose of building Birkinau. Birkinau had nine sub-units. They were separated from each other by electrically charged fences that lines their borders. In August 1942, the womens? section at Auscwitz I was moved to Birkinau. Nine hundred and ninety-nine women from Ravensbruck camp and other women from different camps joined them also. Birkinau now had over 6,000 women prisoners being held. In the town Monowitz, another camp w! as being built. This camp was called Auschwitz III, or Buna-Monowitz. Other camps that were located close to Monowitz were moved to Buna-Monowitz. The population of Birknau was the most densly populated out of all the camps. It also had the most cruel and bad conditions of all the camps in the complex. The prisoners at Birkinau mostly consisted of Jews, Poles , and Germans. There were a number of Gypsy and Czech Jew family camps located at Birkinau for a period of time also. In Birkinau, the gas chambers and the oven, where the bodies were burned operated at Auschwitz I. Birkinau and all the other sub-camps were mostly forced labor camps. The most recognized of the labor camps are, Budy, Czechowitz, Glenwitz, Rajsko, and Furstenarube. The prisoners here were worked to the point of death. Trains transported people to the camps, and violently forced them off the train. All of the people?s property was left on the train also. They prisoners were sent into two different! lines, one for women and the other for men. The lines moved into the place were a procedure called ?Selection? took place. The ones who could work were not killed at this time, but the women, children, and others that couldn?t work were gassed. The prisoners that were to work, had their clothes taken, heads shaved, got sterilized, and were given black and white striped clothes to wear. In the forced labor camps, the average life time was only a few months. Some of the prisoners that couldn?t react or move became what was known as Muselmann. A dreaded part of camps was the Appeal, or roll call. In this, prisoners were sent out into the cold night after a hard day of work, and lined up. Anyone that fell to the ground was shot or gassed. One more of all the bad work chores was the Sonderkommando. Dong this meant that you burned the bodies of the dead prisoners in the creamatoria. Tattoos were given to the prisoners on their right arm as an easier way of registration. ! Not all of the earlier prisoners had this tattoo, but the regiterd number of prisoners was 405,000. The daily routine in the complex differed in each camp, but the basic routine was the same. They: woke at dawn, cleaned their areas, morning roll call was taken, they walked to the work site, worked for long hours, had to wait in lines for food, then walked bback to their bunks, block inspection was done, and then evening roll call was taken. There were also people who got picked for medical experiments. The best known docter at Auschwitz was Josef Mengele. His experiments were mostly done on twins and dwarfs. He did lots of things that had to do with seeing how ling it would take a person to die if you do this or that. He also did experiments that had to do with cutting off body parts, and reattaaching them to different parts of the body. By January 20th, 1944, the population of the Aushwitz complex had reached 80,839. That number rose up and up as the monthes past an! d

Lexicology - Definition and Examples

Lexicology s Lexicology is the branch of linguistics that studies the stock of words (the lexicon) in a given language. Adjective: lexicological. Etymology From the Greek lexico- -logy, word study Lexicology and Syntax Lexicology deals not only with simple words in all their aspects but also with complex and compound words, the meaningful units of language. Since these units must be analyzed in respect of both their form and their meaning, lexicology relies on information derived from morphology, the study of the forms of words and their components, and semantics, the study of their meanings. A third field of particular interest in lexicological studies is etymology, the study of the origins of words. However, lexicology must not be confused with lexicography, the writing or compilation of dictionaries, which is a special technique rather than a level of language studies ...The essential difference between syntax and lexicology is that the former deals with the general facts of language and the latter with special aspects. . . . Syntax is general because it deals with rules and regularities that apply to classes of words as a whole, whereas lexicology is particular because it is concerned with the way individual words operate and affect other words in the same context. Although borderline cases do exist in both lexicology and syntax, e.g., in the case of grammatical or function words, the distinction between the two levels is fairly clear.  (Howard Jackson and Etienne Zà © Amvela, Words, Meaning, and Vocabulary: An Introduction to Modern English Lexicology. Continuum, 2007) Content Words and Function Words [T]eachers of English have customarily distinguished between content words, like snow and mountain, and function words, like it and on and of and the ...  Lexicology is the study of content words or lexical items.  (M.A.K. Halliday et al., Lexicology and Corpus Linguistics. Continuum, 2004) Lexicology and Grammar Both grammar and lexicology involve us in an indefinitely large number of superficially different units. In the case of grammar these are phrases, clauses, and sentences; in the case of lexicology the units are words, or more precisely . . . lexical items. It is typical of grammar to make general and abstract statements about the units concerned, showing a common construction despite formal differences. It is typical of lexicology to make specific statements about individual units. In consequence, while the grammar of a language is best handled in chapters devoted to different types of construction, it is normal to deal with the lexicon of a language in an alphabetical dictionary, each entry devoted to a different lexical item.  (Randolph Quirk et al., A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, 2nd ed. Longman, 1985) Lexicology and Phonology [I]t may be thought at first sight that phonology does not interact with lexicology in any significant manner. But a close analysis will reveal that, in many cases, the difference between two otherwise identical lexical items can be reduced to a difference at the level of phonology. Compare for example the pair of words toy and boy, feet and fit, pill and pin. They differ only in one sound unit (the position of which has been [italicized] in each word) and yet the difference has serious consequences at the level of lexicology.  (Etienne Zà © Amvela, Lexicography and Lexicology. Routledge Encyclopedia of Language Teaching and Learning, ed. by Michaà «l Byram. Routledge, 2000) Pronunciation: lek-se-KAH-le-gee

Evaluation of L-Proline as a Catalyst for an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Lab Report

Evaluation of L-Proline as a Catalyst for an Asymmetric Aldol Reaction - Lab Report Example The product was then extracted with 10mL of ethyl acetate. Drying was done over MgSO4 . the separation of the drying agent was done via gravity filtration, whereas that of the solvent was done through rotary evaporation. The product was further taken through purification steps, which involved the use of flash chromatography using 50% petroleum ether/ 50% ethyl acetate as the eluting solvent. The fractions were then combined and the solvent eliminated via evaporation method. The massed of the obtained products were then recorded, and verification obtained. To conduct the Mosher analysis, 15mg of the Aldol product were dissolved in 0.9mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 in a flame dried vial. 1.5mg of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAO) followed by 15á ´ «L pyridine and MTPA-Cl were added. The solution was then sealed and allowed to react under nitrogen. After the reaction was complete, the isolation process followed. The crude reacrion was washed with 0.1 N HCL (0.5 mL), saturated bicarbonate solution (0.5 mL) and brine (0.5mL). The ratio of diastereomers by H-NMR was determined and enantiomeric excess of the Aldol reaction computed. From the analysis of the results obtained from the experimentation, it was clear that L-proline functions as a catalyst in a reaction involving Aldol. The product was further quantified by use of the Mosher ester approach. Consequently, a conclusion was drawn that L-proline functions as a catalyst in Aldol reactions. One of the powerful methods through which carbon-carbon bonds can be formed is through nucleophilic addition of an enolate to a carbonyl group. An example of the scenarios in which this principle has been applied is in the de novo generation of carbohydrates which results from the development of aldolase enzymes, which catalyze biological Aldol reactions. The ability of aldolases to produce enantiomeric product exclusively is a notable feature, difficult for the modern synthesis

Thorntons plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Thorntons plc - Essay Example The stores offer premium and hand-crafted boxed chocolates, hampers, gift boxes, corporate gifts, and seasonal candies. Some of the Thornton shops double as cafes where patrons can get coffee, pastries, and sandwiches. The company sells sweets through its catalog and via its Web site, as well as through retailers. In addition, the company operates coffee shops under the name Caf Thorntons. Thorntons, a UK chain of chocolatiers, has implemented G.O.L.D., a suite of retail management software from Aldata, a leading provider of software solutions for the global retail industry, to support its business growth and forward strategy. In 1911, Joseph William Thornton opened the first Thorntons shop in Sheffield, England. Nearly 100 years later Thorntons plc now has an annual turnover of more than 160million, over 350 own shops and over 200 Franchises. The product ranges now include Ice Cream, Cakes, Biscuits, Chilled Chocolates as well as the more traditional Fudge, Toffee and Chocolates. Historically a manufacturer, Thorntons had built up its business based around production rather retailing. Stores were a later development, during the eighties, and existing systems were developed rather than revamped. Jim McLauchlan, Thorntons Program Manager, explains, "Our ordering ... A selection of Thorntons stores also includes an in-store Caf. The company produces Thorntons-branded products for many retailers including Tesco, and also makes selected own-brand products for Marks & Spencer and Boots. Historically a manufacturer, Thorntons had built up its business based around production rather retailing. Stores were a later development, during the eighties, and existing systems were developed rather than revamped. Thorntons' existing IT infrastructure had therefore been built up over many years and comprised a variety of systems with limited integration between them. Jim McLauchlan, Thorntons Program Manager, explains, "Our ordering system was over 20 years old and had been heavily customized over this time without full supporting documentation, so it became almost impossible to make further modifications. In addition to this, we had a number of unsupported platforms that gave unwanted risk. The third factor was that these systems no longer supported our future strategy. Replenishment was handled manually and was based not on store demand- more on the 'knowledge' of the store manager. Orders were actually phoned through from the stores to a Thorntons telesales team. As a result, Thorntons was unable to react quickly enough, to adjust production to match demand in the stores. For a business that is effectively a fashion retailer, needing to monitor, match and predict trends, the systems gap required urgent attention. Solution Thorntons did not hurry to make a decision, because most vendors it considered did not have systems specifically for a business that was retail, franchise, commercial and manufacturing. The company is currently vertically integrated and has developed different systems to cope with the

Challenge in the Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Challenge in the Workplace - Essay Example He was quite angry because he had been making calls to our company and had suffered the run around by the people who were assigned to help him. When I received his call and learned of his plight, I looked up his inquiry and discovered that his check was ready but not yet sent out for some reason. I informed him of this problem and assured him that I would call him at the end of the day with an update regarding his claim. Normally, a check release request does not require a personal call follow up with the client. But I decided to make an exception in this case due to extenuating circumstances. After I had contacted the right departments in order to get the check cleared for release, I made sure to get the check into the mailing queue by the end of the day. I then called the client back and informed him that his check was honestly in the mail and gave him the routing number for future reference. The client was pleased with my work and thanked me profusely for helping him out. Needless to say, he was one happy client but I had to suffer the penalty of having to explain my actions to my supervisor. Although I had to accept a written warning attached to my employee file because of my actions, I strongly believe that I did the right thing. In fact, I would not change a single action I took that day if I had to do it all again. After all, company policies are in place to protect the company but do not exist to prevent clients from getting their just dues from the company. If a little manipulation of company policy will not affect the overall company function, then going that extra mile for the client should only serve to give the person a better partnership experience with the company.  

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cosmetic Surgery Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Cosmetic Surgery Essay Introduction Nowadays, many men or women are considering to make themselves looks better so decided to have cosmetic surgery. A lot of cosmetic surgery provider advertising their cosmetic skill and benefit of cosmetic surgery to attract more customer. Cosmetic surgery contain positive and negative morality. Question 1 Teleology theory can be defined as moral consequence position, in which moral behaviour means achieving an ethical consequence without concern over the process by which the end result is achieved. Right conduct with teleology means that which in turn promotes the best consequences or perhaps identifiable good (Craig, 1996). Utilitarianism can say by the phase â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (Mill, 1983). From the view of Chris, Chris decided to have nose surgery is moral because acting accordance with happiness. Nonetheless, Chris are appearing upon a low delight. Even though the surgery will bring Chris several happiness but it is something that become endless pursuit. If there is a propensity for Chris into the future out feeling and looking better, than this surgeon did their own job and there is nothing immoral happening. Where the layaway is acceptable and surgeons do not have permit to practice, in pain and annoyance, there is immoral about the particula r action. After the nose surgery operation, Chris perceive that there was some pain and discomfort after the surgery operation within a couple of week. Besides that, Chris having the second operation to correct a minor. After the operation, Chris satisfy with the result and bring Chris happiness. Based on the Chris’s decision to take action on cosmetic surgery, Chris’s mother was fully disagree Chris to having the nose surgery. Because Chris didn’t know what are the risk will occur during the operation. Chris’s mother keep on recall back the story of famous footballer’s wife which who are the one kept going for cosmetic surgery and passed away because of complication after the operation. From the view of Chris’s mother is based on deontology theory. Deontology define since the rightness as well as wrongness of action by evaluation of particular formal properties of act for instance duty, justice as well as respect a great individual’s autonomy (Stahl, 1996). All of the parents will worry about their child by doing some activities to damage or hurting themselves because of this, parents will have the responsible to avoid the activities happen. Even Chris’s mother also tried to persuade Chris do not have cosmetic surgery i s because Chris’s mother worrying about Chris will have any danger during the operation. In the other way, Kantian ethics believe that consequence could never make right or wrong because an action may bring the happiness but still might be wrong. Because of the prominent nose was bring Chris unhappiness and dissatisfaction so Chris decide to have nose surgery for the beauty and seeking happiness. Question 2 Archie B Carroll said that the definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has four type of classification which include economic responsibility, legal responsibility, ethical responsibility and discretionary responsibility (Carroll, 1979). These four type of expectations reflect a view of social responsibility that related to some in the definitions made available earlier although that categorizes the social responsibilities connected businesses within a more inclusive manner. In order to make the Naturea clinic be more profitable, the Naturea clinic have to maintain a strong competitive position in surgery industry. Therefore, the Naturea clinic have to maintain a high level of operational efficiency by providing the best service quality to fulfill customer need and make sure the customer satisfied with the result after the surgery. Naturea clinic employees had been training to help them proceed within a cautions along with measured method, but the employees are being chivv ied with the management team to become more energetic and market-facing to make the clinic more profitable. In addition, the Naturea clinic should perform in a manner consistent with maximize earning per share. Furthermore, Naturea clinic must obey to the law cause of law is the society’s codification of right and wrong. Clinic have to perform in a manner in keeping with the expectations of government along with the law and it is also important to comply with numerous national and supranational laws and regulation. Other than that, Naturea clinic have to meet the minimum legal requirements by providing goods or services. For example, a qualified surgeons provide face or body plastic surgery to satisfy customer need. The rules and regulation for Naturea clinic by not doing illegal activities such as providing fake information about the cosmetics surgery, cheating customer by saying do not have any risk occur during the surgery operation. Ethical responsibility encompass those standard, norms, or expectation that reflect a concern for just what consumers, workers, shareholders and the community consider as fair, just or commensurate with the esteem or protection of stakeholders moral legal rights. The Naturea medical team members complain amongst themselves the company has been hijacked by the team of the managers and the medics feel very pressure to hit the targets pertaining to the number and characteristics of operations are expected to perform. The manager of the Naturea clinic should treat their employees fairly, provide training to surgeons to ensure become a qualified surgeon to satisfy customers and do not give them high pressure when performing their work. Ethical responsibility for Naturea clinic is important to prevent ethical norms from being compromised as a way to achieve corporate objectives. Besides that, ethical responsibility could help clinic to recognize which corporate integrity along with ethical behavior go beyond mere compliance with regulations. Lastly, the ethical responsibility also important to Naturea clinic by recognize and also respect fresh or innovating moral ethical norms used by society. Discretionary responsibility almost like philanthropy initiatives try to be good corporate citizen by doing some community activities, charitable work, donation to good causes and providing day-care centers to create a positive image for company (Blowfield and Murray, 2008). The Naturea clinic should do some charity activities such tend to arrange for teams of volunteer physicians carrying medical supplies to complete the mission. Increasingly, these teams also work to improve medical infrastructures and to train personnel. The manager and employees of Naturea clinic participate in voluntary and charitable activities within their local communities. Cause-related marketing (CRM) occurs when a company forms a strategic relationship with a particular social cause that are mutually advantages to all parties (Kolter and Lee, 2005). CRM are advantage to Naturea clinic such as, increasing the clinic population, increasing the brand awareness and services quality, developing good public rela tions and increasing the customer loyalty. And there are advantages for the social cause by increasing in donations through better exposure. Question 3 For some, plastic surgery is an approach to recover an ordinary appearance after a mishap. For other, plastic surgery is an approach to revise saw corrective blemishes. Despite the purpose behind the plastic surgery, there are serious disadvantages that must be considered before having surgery (Holley, 2013). The first disadvantages of having surgery is medicals risks. Plastic surgery, in the same way as any surgery, convey a danger of medical complications, including death. The absolute most regular dangers connected with plastic surgery are serve bleeding, infection and nerve damage that may lead to dumbness, tissue death, fluid collecting around the site (seroma) and wounding in the range. Blood clusters can profound vein thrombosis are likewise complications of plastic surgery. The second disadvantages of having surgery is about the appearance. Unsightly scarring is also disadvantage of plastic surgery. With these scar, which are called hypertrophic scars, are thick and red. Wounding and swelling for a period of time after the surgery are frequently hard to cover up, particularly when the work was carried out in the facial area. Besides that, Ptosis or drooping and sagging in the surgical area, might be another disadvantage. Furthermore, some of the patients find that the result of the procedure are not what they anticipated. The next disadvantage is cost of the plastic surgery. Numerous plastic surgery procedures are costly. As indicated by American Society for Aesthetic plastic surgery, microdermabrasion was the least expensive procedure which costs an average of $139 per procedure and the most expensive with a costs of $7,976 is a lower body lift. Besides that, there are some fees also will be calculated when considering the costs of plastic surgery which is surgeon fees, hospital fees and anesthesia fees, along with lost wages and medication costs. Cosmetic surgery tourism can be defined as the motion of the patients from one location to another to carry out â€Å"aesthetic† medical procedure, which is the growing area of medical tourism (Reisman, 2010). Some of the activities like sunbathing, drinking alcohol, jet skiing and swimming should be avoided after surgery said by the American Society of Plastic Surgery (ASPS) (ASPS, 2008). The disadvantage of cosmetic surgery tourism is that impossible for the patient to meet up the doctors to operate on the patient before travelling, it is required to have a talk with doctor or surgeon to know detail of the surgery and the effect of travelling for operation. Many patient lack of knowledge about the problem of cosmetic surgery oversea. An accident or bad cosmetic surgery can occur. For example, Elliott (2004) reported that a patient had liposuction on her legs and the surgery so radical that the patient leg badly dimpled and require more fat to fill them out. All cosmetic surgery possible present the dangers to patient or tourist health. Some of patient face extra language and culture barrier that obstruct communication with physicians and nurses (Casanova, 2007). When post-operative individual decide in tourism activities will raise the chances of undesirable results and complications. Question 4 From my opinion, I felt that the advertising of cosmetic surgery by clinics such as Naturea should be banned. As of now, cosmetic surgery supplier are free to promote their services without any restriction on content. The advertisement heedlessly trivialize invasive surgical procedures that consist of inherent heath risk. Every people have their own definition of beauty. Genuine beauty lie in your individuality, if one of the boy or girl consider as ugly but they have a good personality which mean there is still have people find them because they are attractive. But the cosmetic surgery trend has misdirect the people into imaging that looks are generally vital. They may duplicate their idols’ looks so they can like themselves and be acknowledge in general. This would be bad for the society. We should respect our parents because our looks are a present from our parents, if we have cosmetic surgery and changed our looks are considered as cheating. Besides that, some of the adver tisement show that cosmetic surgery do not contain any risk and guarantee that the surgeons is a qualified surgeons and have their own license. All of the advertisement is tried to cheat customer and actually cosmetic surgery involves risk such medical risk. Some of the surgeons might not have a license or unqualified surgeons, if you having cosmetic surgery from the surgeons that do not have license and not a qualified surgeons and the end result is not what you expected, you would not be able to do anything on it. Currently, people have no choice, but still exposed the aggressive marketing plot of some cosmetic clinics, whether in the public, social media such as internet, magazines or advertising on TV. Because of these, the advertising will affect everyone that already considering to have the surgery. Conclusion As a conclusion, cosmetic surgery can satisfy what customer need and also will damage to the customer after the surgery. If cosmetic surgery fulfill the happiness of the customer then the action of the surgeon is moral. And there are four responsibility in corporate social responsibility which include economic, legal, ethical and discretionary responsibility. There is also a disadvantage of having cosmetic surgery and cosmetic surgery tourism. (1946 word) References ASPS, (2008), Warnings of ASPS, [Online] Available from:http://www.plastisurgery.org> [Accessed: 7 April 2015] Archie B. Carroll. (1979). The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 4, No.4 (Oct., 1979), pp. 497-505 Blowfield, M., Murray, A. (2008). Corporate Responsibility: a critical introduction, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK Craig, E. (1998).Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London and New York: Routledge. Casanova, E. (2007) The Whole Package: Exploring Cosmetic Surgery Tourism, [Online] Available from:http://www.allacademicresearch.com> [Accessed: 6 April 2015] Elliott, J. (2004) Do not Rush into Cosmetic Surgery, [Online] Available from:http://www.bbc.co.uk> [Accessed: 6 April 2015] Holley, Casey. ’Disadvantages of Plastic Surgery | LIVESTRONG.COM’. LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., 2013 [Online] Available from: http://www.livestrong.com/article/23750-disadvantages-plastic-surgery/> [Accessed: 5 April 2015] Kotler, P. Lee, N. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility: doing the most good for your company and your cause Wiley Publications, New Jersey, USA Mill, John Stuart. The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill. Gen. Ed. John M. Robson. 33vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963-91. Reisman, D. (2010) Health Tourism: Social Welfare through International Trade. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Stahl DA. Ethics in subacute care—part1. Nurs Manage. 1996;27(9):29-30. Thomas MCElhenney â€Å"The Ethical Issues behind Cosmetic Plastic Surgery. [Online] Available from :http://parenethical.com/phil140sp11/2011/03/07/thomas-mcelhenney-the-ethical-issues-behind-cosmetic-plastic-surgery-and-how-js-mill-and-immanuel-kant-would-view-it/> [Accessed: 8 April 2015]

The Character of Hagar in The Stone Angel Essay -- Stone Angel

The Character of Hagar in The Stone Angel Death is a subject that everyone fears because they associate death with their end and not a new beginning. In The Stone Angel, by Margaret Laurence, Hagar is no different. When she faces the reality of the implications of growing old she is faced with a journey, not one of her choice but one of destiny. Through her journey Hagar goes through the five different stages leading up towards death: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and finally acceptance. The novel demonstrates each of Hagar's steps along the difficult journey of death which is frightening and intimidating but also inevitable. When Hagar is first faced with the truth that she is getting old and not going to be around much longer, her first reaction is one of denial. Hagar cannot believe that this is happening to her. In her mind she more or less associates death as a horrible nightmare of which she will eventually wake up and everything will be a dream and life will return back to normal. Hagar's denial can be seen when she describes herself: "Because I cannot remember doing it nor yet recall definitely not doing it...I become flustered" (Laurence, 30). Hagar's greatest difficulty is that her memory is failing her and this infuriates her more than anything else but it also allows her to create an illusion that everything will be fine. Hagar makes herself believe that this cannot be happening: "Then, terribly, I perceive the tears, my own they must be although they have sprung so unbidden I feel they are like the incontinent wetness of the infirm. Trickling, they taunt down my face. I dismiss them, blaspheme against them - let them be gone. But I have spoken and they are still there" (Laurence, 31). Haga... ...s woman, Hagar, who is determined to leave the world dependent on no one. Hagar does not want anyone to feel pity for her, mourn her or worry about her journey. Hagar accomplishes her goal, even though in the process she has to shatter her illusion and accept the harsh facts about life and reality. In the final scene, the reader obtains the message that Hagar has reached her independence when she holds the glass of water. As a result she can leave the world peacefully knowing that in the end she succeeded in freeing herself of any help. Hagar bravely survived her last moments with her heart and the reward of satisfaction. The reader, with the help of the author, can relate to Hagar's struggle through her journey, sympathizing with her, feeling her pain and keeping a part of her with them. Works Cited: Laurence, Margaret. The Stone Angel. New York: Knopf, 1964

London by William Blake and Composed upon Westminster Bridge bt William Wordsworth Essay

The Revolution in France coincided with the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution of England. During this period the rich became richer, the poor became even poorer, and major towns or cities became over crowded. The thoughts and feelings of the people living throughout the country at this time, often were expressed in poetic form. Two such poems set around the same time and both set in London are â€Å"London†, by William Blake and William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge.† â€Å"London† is written nine years before â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge†, and tells of the suffering of the people of London. A uniform and exact feeling is sensed in the opening two lines of the poem, as both streets and the Thames are described as being â€Å"chartered† and something which is chartered is very exact and has a definite and set outline. The next two lines ending the first stanza tell of weakness and woe in every face Blake meets, meaning there is sadness and regret along with vulnerability sensed by him as he passes people along his journey. The first two lines of the second stanza read of the cry of both men and infants. The reason why infants cry is because they cannot say what is hurting or annoying them. Therefore we are led to realise that the suffering felt by the adults of London or of ‘Man’ as it were, is so intense that even they cannot verbalise it and so they cry out. Ending the second stanza we read that the poet hears â€Å"mind-forg’d manacles†. These are forms of fears, enforced into the minds of people, holding them back from doing or saying certain things. We are told these fears are found â€Å"in every person’s voice, in every ban†, meaning that these common fears are sensed by the poet, in every person he encounters. The opening lines of the third stanza again tells of crying and also now of admonition. In this case the chimney-sweeper’s cry is heard. In those days chimney-sweepers were young children forced to go out to work by their families. They did very difficult and pain staking work for very little money – it shows their pain and suffering in doing so. Condemnation comes from the church. The religious leaders are appalled at the fact of this, yet the poet describes the church as â€Å"blackening†, giving us the impression of an unpleasant ‘refuge’ which turns a blind eye on the suffering of the sweeps. The closing two lines of the third stanza reads of a â€Å"hapless soldier’s sigh run in blood down the Palace walls.† This conveys to us that the hopelessness felt by soldiers is stemming from the fact that their welfare is not considered by those in charge. The soldier is sent to war by a ruler who cares little for him. The first three lines of the final stanza tells us that the majority of noise heard comes from â€Å"youthful Harlot’s curses/ [which] blasts the new born Infant’s tear†. This means that a lot of the noise heard during the night comes from young prostitutes shouting at young babies to be quiet because they are crying. An uncomfortable and unsettling mix is created through the contrast of these young women who sell their bodies for sex, yelling at young, fearful and unadulterated infants. The final line is an ominous one containing the statement â€Å"And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse†. The fact that we are told of how the prostitutes are â€Å"blighting† with â€Å"plagues† the â€Å"Marriage hearse† is significant – Marriage usually means a life just starting out with someone else, this contrasts with a hearse which carries coffins and so is usually linked with death and hence symbolises the end of a life. The curse and words associated with disease give us a sense that sexually transmitted diseases are quickly spreading and they are readily killing all of society. Overall Blake takes a negative and strict viewing point of London which echoes the great suffering of the day. Another poem, set in London and written just nine years after â€Å"London† offers a contrasting tone to Blake’s. It is William Wordsworth’s â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge†. â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† is a similar poem to â€Å"London† as the poet is the one travelling through the London it describes, yet the poems contrast greatly. Wordsworth opens with an emphatic statement, praising London as he says it surpasses anything on the earth. In the second and third line Wordsworth makes the statement: â€Å"Dull would he be of soul who could pass by/A sight so touching in its majesty:† which means one would have to be ‘dead inside’ if he/she couldn’t appreciate such beauty. The fact that Wordsworth uses the word â€Å"majesty† offers a regal sense, a regal beauty – giving us the idea of just how grand and magnificent this city actually is. This contrasts well with the disease ridden city described by Blake, using such words as plague and blight, giving the city an altogether unsettling atmosphere. In the fourth line Wordsworth starts out by giving the word â€Å"City† a capital letter, which stresses just how important the city actually is. Wordsworth then goes on to tell us how â€Å"like a garment [it] wears/The beauty of the morning†. Like a garment is a simile, and in this case Wordsworth uses clothing imagery to convey to us his point. The fact that he links this with the beauty of the morning suggests to us that this beauty â€Å"fits well† with the city. The ending of the fifth line flows into the sixth line and tells of a silent beauty of all of the man made things found in a city. A complete contrast to this, are the two references made by Blake of â€Å"Man’s† creations telling us of â€Å"black’ning† churches and blood-stained Palaces. A disturbing and unpleasant contrast to the silent beauty implied by Wordsworth. The next line tells of how these buildings merge seamlessly with nature; â€Å"Open unto the fields, and to the sky;† As this links directly with the previous line of the silent beauty of the city’s buildings, Wordsworth is connecting man and Nature; the city is at one with Nature’s wanders, at one with God. Blake makes no reference linking both man and Nature, in fact we are given but one reference to nature and that is of the â€Å"chartered Thames†, due to the fact of this we can only infer that Blake is trying communicate to us in fact the great over industrialised ‘hell’ London really is, and just how much Nature has been destroyed in order to create this city. Wordsworth ends this section by telling us in line eight of the scene as â€Å"All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.† conveying to us Wordsworth’s thoughts that London is very clean, very sparkling, beautiful and new. . In lines nine and ten Wordsworth makes another emphatic statement, literally exclaiming that at no other time has the sun, not even since creation, made the landscape more beautiful than currently in London. â€Å"Ne’er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!† shows of Wordsworth’s great surprise of just how beautiful London is. He cannot believe what he’s seeing and so is very moved. This again differentiates with Blake’s views on London. He tells of a common fear sensed within all people he met, that they are ill at ease and afraid to go freely around this ‘great’ city. Which can only mean that London may not have been this great and calm city described by Wordsworth. The last lines in the poem are descriptive of the landscape and line twelve sees Wordsworth expressing the freedom felt by Nature: â€Å"The river glideth at his own sweet will†. This contrasts greatly with the limits and restraints conveyed to us through the description of the Thames as being â€Å"chartered†. Suggesting to us the restraints put upon Nature, immobilising it from flourishing due to man’s greed for industry and money. Wordsworth ends his poem exclaiming that it is so quiet and tranquil that even the houses â€Å"seem asleep†. The last line of the poem sets up London as being the ‘heart’ of Great Britain, London is the thing which enables Great Britain to work correctly: â€Å"And all that mighty heart is lying still.† We really sense Wordsworth’s surprise at finding this essential life force so still and at rest. This is the complete opposite to Blake’s bustling, overcrowded and disease ridden city. The nights are filled with young â€Å"harlot’s† swearing at screaming babies, while they’re out trying to earn a bit of money from sell in themselves for sex while. And all the time aiding to the destruction of society due to the spreading of disease. On the whole, undoubtedly my favourite poem is William Blake’s â€Å"London†. I feel Blake’s poem far surpasses Wordsworth’s as Blake offers to us a more realistic and altogether poignant atmosphere to Wordsworth’s happy and â€Å"perfect† city. I feel that his use of language and style of writing expresses well the perception of London during the course of industrialisation as being an overpopulated and disease ridden â€Å"hell†.